The OSPF stub router feature provides network engineers with a very simple way to enable the function of flooding default routes inside an area, with those default routes driving IP packets back toward the ABRs attached to that area. ABRs in stub areas advertise a default route into the stub area. At the same time, the ABR chooses to not advertise external routes (Type 5 LSAs) into the area. Similarly, the ABR chooses to not advertise interarea routes (in Type 3 LSAs) into the area. As a result, all routers in the stub area can still route to the destinations (based on default route information), and the routers require less memory and processing.
The following summarizes the features of a stub area:
* ABRs create a default route, using a Type 3 LSA, listing subnet 0.0.0.0 and mask
0.0.0.0, and flood that into the stub area.
* ABRs do not flood Type 5 LSAs into the stub area.
* ABRs might not flood other Type 3 LSAs into the area.
* The default route has a metric of 1 unless otherwise configured using the router sub-command
area <area-num> default-cost <cost>
* Routers inside stub areas cannot redistribute external routes into the stubby area,
because that would require a Type 5 LSA in the area.
* All routers in the area must be configured to be stubby; if not, neighbor relationships
cannot form between potential neighbors based on this mismatched configuration.
The following summarizes the features of a stub area:
* ABRs create a default route, using a Type 3 LSA, listing subnet 0.0.0.0 and mask
0.0.0.0, and flood that into the stub area.
* ABRs do not flood Type 5 LSAs into the stub area.
* ABRs might not flood other Type 3 LSAs into the area.
* The default route has a metric of 1 unless otherwise configured using the router sub-command
area <area-num> default-cost <cost>
* Routers inside stub areas cannot redistribute external routes into the stubby area,
because that would require a Type 5 LSA in the area.
* All routers in the area must be configured to be stubby; if not, neighbor relationships
cannot form between potential neighbors based on this mismatched configuration.
The following summarizes the features of a stub area:
* ABRs create a default route, using a Type 3 LSA, listing subnet 0.0.0.0 and mask
0.0.0.0, and flood that into the stub area.
* ABRs do not flood Type 5 LSAs into the stub area.
* ABRs might not flood other Type 3 LSAs into the area.
* The default route has a metric of 1 unless otherwise configured using the router sub-command
area <area-num> default-cost <cost>
* Routers inside stub areas cannot redistribute external routes into the stubby area,
because that would require a Type 5 LSA in the area.
* All routers in the area must be configured to be stubby; if not, neighbor relationships
cannot form between potential neighbors based on this mismatched configuration.
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:05:00.731: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:1::1/64
R1(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R1(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:07:20.179: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:07:21.191: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0,changed state to up
R1#
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:06:34.531: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:3::1/64
R2(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R2(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:07:44.547: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:07:45.559: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/23/36 ms
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/17/24 ms
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:07:53.943: %IPV6_ND-6-DUPLICATE_INFO: DAD attempt detected for2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2 on Serial2/0
R2(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:08:34.563: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/1, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:08:35.575: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/1,changed state to up
R2(config-if)#end
R3#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:13:26.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:5::1/64
R3(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/1
R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:14:41.407: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/1, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:14:42.419: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/1,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/24 ms
R3(config-if)#doping 2001:db8:cafe:4::1
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/16/20 ms
R3(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/2
R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.77.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:15:56.795: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/2, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:15:57.807: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/2,changed state to up
R3#
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:15:00.819: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#
R4(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.77.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:15:56.571: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/2, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:15:57.583: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/2,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.77.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/37/80 ms
R4(config-if)#doping 2001:db8:feed:77::2
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:FEED:77::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
R4(config-if)#ipv6route 2001:db8:cafe::/48 2001:db8:feed:77::2
R4(config-if)#iproute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.77.2
InterfaceIP-AddressOK? Method StatusProtocol
FastEthernet0/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/2unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/3unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
R1#
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1
Serial2/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/2[administratively down/down]
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1
InterfaceIP-AddressOK? Method StatusProtocol
FastEthernet0/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/1192.168.4.1YES manual upup
Serial2/2unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/3unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
R2#
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2
FE80::C802:16FF:FECC:0
Serial2/2[administratively down/down]
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[administratively down/down]
Serial2/1[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:4::2
FE80::C803:1BFF:FE10:0
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[administratively down/down]
Serial2/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/2[up/up]
2001:DB8:FEED:77::1
unassigned
FE80::C804:10FF:FE70:0
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#interfaceserial 2/0
<1-65535>Process ID
authentication-keyAuthentication password (key)
costInterface cost
database-filterFilter OSPF LSA during synchronizationand flooding
dead-intervalInterval after which a neighbor isdeclared dead
flood-reductionOSPF Flood Reduction
llsLink-local Signaling (LLS)support
message-digest-keyMessage digest authentication password (key)
networkNetwork type
priorityRouter priority
resync-timeoutInterval after which adjacency is resetif oob-resync is
retransmit-intervalTime between retransmitting lost link state
shutdownSet OSPF protocol's state todisable under current
transmit-delayLink state transmit delay
areaSet the OSPF area ID
R1(config-if)#ipospf 1 area ?
A.B.C.DOSPF area ID in IP address format
R1(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 51 // OSPFv2 INTERFACE COMMAND AVAILABLE IN IOS 12.3(11)T ABOVE
R1(config-if)#interfaceloop 0
R1(config-if)#end
*Jun 2910:29:50.879: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADINGto FULL, Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#router-id2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#interfaceloop 0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 0
R2(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 29 10:27:30.883:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R2#
*Jun 2910:28:48.691: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial2/1 from LOADINGto FULL, Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#interfaceloop 0
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 0
*Jun 29 10:30:48.803:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:36192.168.2.2Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:34192.168.4.2Serial2/1
R3#showip ospf neighbor
NeighborIDPriStateDead TimeAddressInterface
R3#showip route
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
O IA192.168.1.1 [110/129] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
O IA192.168.2.0 [110/128] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
O192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.4.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/1
192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.5.1/32 is directly connected,Loopback0
192.168.77.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.77.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/2
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
O192.168.1.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.1,00:11:32, Serial2/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.2.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected,Loopback0
192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.4.1/32 is directly connected,Serial2/1
O192.168.5.1 [110/65] via 192.168.4.2,00:10:19, Serial2/1
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#routerospf 1
R3(config-router)#default-informationoriginate // PROPAGATE STATIC DEFAULT ROUTE INTO OSPFv2
R3#showip route ?
Hostname or A.B.C.DNetwork to display information about orhostname
connectedConnected
eigrpEnhanced Interior GatewayRouting Protocol (EIGRP)
lispLocator ID Separation Protocol(LISP)
loopsRIB routes forming loops
multicastMulticast global information
nhrpNext Hop Resolution Protocol(NHRP)
ospfOpen Shortest Path First(OSPF)
profileIP routing table profile
ripRouting Information Protocol(RIP)
summarySummary of all routes
tagRoute Tag
vrfDisplay routes from a VPNRouting/Forwarding instance
<cr>
R3#showip route static
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.77.1 to network 0.0.0.0
S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.77.1
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#iproute 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.77.1
R3(config-router)#redistributestatic ?
metric-typeOSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
route-mapRoute map reference
subnetsConsider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
<cr>
R3(config-router)#redistributestatic subnets // THE subnets KEYWORD INCLUDES SPECIFIC ROUTES (NOT CLASSFUL NETWORKS)
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*E20.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:54:34,Serial2/0
O IA192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2,01:08:41, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.4.0 [110/128] via 192.168.2.2,01:08:41, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.5.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.2,01:07:24, Serial2/0
O E2192.168.99.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.2.2,00:52:44, Serial2/0
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-router)#?
address-familyEnter Address Family command mode
auto-costCalculate OSPF interface costaccording to bandwidth
capabilityEnable specific OSPF feature
defaultSet a command to its defaults
default-informationControl distribution of default information
discard-routeEnable or disable discard-routeinstallation
distribute-listFilter networks in routing updates
domain-tagOSPF domain-tag
exitExit from routing protocolconfiguration mode
ignoreDo not complain about specificevent
ispfEnable incremental SPFcomputation
local-rib-criteriaEnable or disable usage of local RIB asroute criteria
log-adjacency-changesLog changes in adjacency state
max-lsamaximum number of LSAs OSPFprocess will receive
maximum-pathsForward packets over multiple paths
neighborSpecify a neighbor router
noNegate a command or setits defaults
passive-interfaceSuppress routing updates on an interface
priorityOSPF topology priority
redistributeRedistribute information fromanother routing protocol
shutdownShutdown the OSPF protocol underthe current instance
summary-addressConfigure IP address summaries
traffic-shareHow to compute traffic share overalternate paths
<0-4294967295>OSPF area ID as a decimal value
authenticationEnable authentication
default-costSet the summary default-cost of a NSSA/stubarea
nssaSpecify a NSSA area
rangeSummarize routes matchingaddress/mask (border routers only)
stubSpecify a stub area
virtual-linkDefine a virtual link and its parameters
R1(config-router)#area51 stub // OSPF ADJACENCY WILL BOUNCE
*Jun 29 11:40:20.027:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from FULL to DOWN, NeighborDown: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 11:40:53.283:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#area51 stub
*Jun 29 11:38:32.755:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from FULL to DOWN, NeighborDown: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 11:38:33.287:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:33192.168.2.2Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:36192.168.4.2Serial2/1
R1#showip route ospf // R1 STUB AREA WILL NOT ACCEPT EXTERNAL ROUTES
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*IA0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2, 00:01:49,Serial2/0
O IA192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.4.0 [110/128] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.5.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
Routing Process 'ospf 1' with ID2.2.2.2
Start time: 00:28:46.228, Time elapsed:01:15:10.384
Supports opaque LSA
Supports area transit capability
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum0x000000
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA0
Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal1 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2(1 loopback)
SPF algorithm last executed00:02:57.856 ago
Area ranges are
Number of opaque link LSA 0. ChecksumSum 0x000000
Number of indication LSA 0
Flood list length 0
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Generates stub default route with cost1
SPF algorithm last executed00:02:47.848 ago
Area ranges are
Number of opaque link LSA 0. ChecksumSum 0x000000
Number of indication LSA 0
Flood list length 0
2.2.2.22.2.2.26540x80000006 0x00FE2C 3
192.168.1.12.2.2.23420x80000001 0x001375
1.1.1.11.1.1.13520x80000007 0x008BB3 3
0.0.0.02.2.2.23520x80000001 0x0075C0
192.168.4.02.2.2.23520x80000004 0x00F791
0.0.0.03.3.3.318060x80000002 0x00DEC6 1
R2#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#area51 stub ?
no-ext-capabilityDo not send domain specific capabilities intostub area
<cr>
R2(config-router)#area51 stub no-summary // TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
R1#showip route ospf // NO OSPF INTER-AREA AND EXTERNAL ROUTES IN OSPF TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*IA0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:16,Serial2/0
1.1.1.11.1.1.14640x80000007 0x008BB3 3
0.0.0.02.2.2.2440x80000003 0x0071C2
R1#showipv6 interface brief // COMMAND TO VIEW GLOBAL UNICAST AND LINK-LOCAL ADDRESS
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
FE80::C801:15FF:FEB0:0
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
FE80::C801:15FF:FEB0:0
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ipv6unicast-routing // ENABLE IPv6 ROUTING (AND IPv6 CEF); DISABLED BY DEFAULT
R1#
*Jun 2915:12:53.514: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
::/0
::/127
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1/128
FE80::/10
FF00::/8
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-rtr)#router-id1.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)#interfaceloop 0
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 51
*Jun 29 15:15:47.202:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ipv6router ospf 2
R2(config-rtr)#
R2(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 51
*Jun 29 15:13:27.166:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R2(config-if)#interfaceloop 0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 0
*Jun 29 15:15:03.898:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 192.168.5.1 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ipv6router ospf 2
R3(config-rtr)#interfaceloop 0
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 0
*Jun 29 15:17:04.078:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
192.168.5.10FULL/-00:00:367Serial2/1
R2#
*Jun 29 15:17:37.806:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R3#showipv6 ospf // IPv6 COMMAND TO VIEW OSPFv3 ROUTER-ID
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum0x000000
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal0 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
R3(config-rtr)#router-id3.3.3.3
% OSPFv3: Reload or use'clear ipv6 ospf process' command, for this to take effect
R3(config-rtr)#doclear ipv6 ospf 2 process // COMMAND TO RESET OSPFv3 32-BIT ROUTER-ID
R3(config-rtr)#
*Jun 29 15:19:37.982:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:357Serial2/1
R1#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
R2#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
O2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [110/64]
O2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/64]
R3#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64 [110/128]
O2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
R3#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ipv6route 2001:db8:99:1::/64 2001:db8:feed:77::1
R3(config-rtr)#?
auto-costCalculate OSPF interface costaccording to bandwidth
compatibleCompatibility list
default-informationDistribution of default information
discard-routeEnable or disable discard-routeinstallation
distribute-listFilter networks in routing updates
exitExit from IPv6 routingprotocol configuration mode
interface-idSource of the interface ID
log-adjacency-changesLog changes in adjacency state
max-lsaMaximum number of nonself-generated LSAs to accept
maximum-pathsForward packets over multiple paths
passive-interfaceSuppress routing updates on an interface
redistributeRedistribute IPv6 prefixes fromanother routing
router-idrouter-id for this OSPF process
summary-prefixConfigure IPv6 summary prefix
table-mapMap external entry attributesinto routing table
originateDistribute default route
R3(config-rtr)#default-informationoriginate
R3(config-rtr)#end
*Jun 2915:25:21.946: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
IPv6Routing Table - default - 11 entries
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
S::/0 [1/0]
S2001:DB8:99:1::/64 [1/0]
R1#showipv6 route ospf // VERIFY DEFAULT ROUTE AND REDISTRIBUTED STATIC ROUTE
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 2
OE2 2001:DB8:99:1::/64 [110/20]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:99:1::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/46/48 ms
R1#traceroute2001:db8:99:1::1
Tracingthe route to 2001:DB8:99:1::1
1 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2 20 msec 28 msec 16 msec
3 2001:DB8:FEED:77::1 48 msec 52 msec 60 msec
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-rtr)#area51 stub // SIMILAR TO OSPFv2
*Jun 2915:28:08.610: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from FULLto DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 15:28:33.130:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-rtr)#area51 stub
*Jun 2915:26:12.834: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from FULLto DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 15:26:13.086:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:386Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:377Serial2/1
R1#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI::/0 [110/65]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
R2#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-rtr)#area51 stub no-summary // TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
IPv6Routing Table - default - 6 entries
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI::/0 [110/65]
R2#showipv6 ospf
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum0x010131
Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal1 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
SPF algorithm executed 9 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Area 51
It is a stub area, no summary LSA inthis area
SPF algorithm executed 6 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
When it comes to building scalable OSPF networks, you will commonly use multiple OSPF Areas. This lab will discuss and demonstrate the configuration and verification of multi-area OSPF.
Real World Application & Core Knowledge
After completing the first 4 Labs found in the OSPF section you should have a good foundation of configuring OSPF. Now its time to build onto that foundation by learning how to configure multiple area’s in OSPF to segregate the routed network for management and resource conservation benefits. Take a step back and look at it this way, designing a network using multiple area’s gives you an easy network to troubleshoot when something blows up. For example facility one is OSPF area 1, facility 2 is OSPF area two, this gives you the ability to isolate network problems to a site/facility level.
You can conserve router resources as a specific router in a given area only has to maintain the database for that configured area. However Area Boarder Routers maintain a copy of the entire OSPF topology thus these routers need to be able to handle such performance requirements such as a Catalyst 6500 layer 3 switch, 7600 Series routers, 7200 series routers, or even 3800/3900 Series Integrated Services Routers.
An online poll done by a highly respectable network media website showed that the average OSPF network contains 50-75 areas. Keep in mind that not every single building has to be its own OSPF area, a general rule of thumb when designing OSPF area’s is that a single area could contain up to 250 routers and a few hundred intra-area routes.
To configure a new area the command is identical to configuring the backbone area but instead of specifying area 0 after the network statement you specify the new area number. Remember Area 0 is the backbone area and all traffic traversing the network from one area to another area MUST!!! traverse the backbone area.
In this lab you will configure six new area’s; one for each router that contains the routers loopback interface. For example; R1’s Loopback0 interface will be in Area 1, R2’s Loopback0 interface will belong in Area 2, etc… On R5 and R6 you will configure area 45 for the FastEthernet network connected to SW1. This configuration will be used for a later lab in the OSPF section.
Review the following command(s);
Big apple david milch. Apr 23, 2019 David Milch, the creator of “Deadwood,” revealed his Alzheimer’s diagnosis in an interview published Tuesday. “As best I understand it, which is minimally, I have a deterioration in the. David Milch, Writer: Hill Street Blues. David Milch was born on March 23, 1945 in Buffalo, New York, USA as David S. He is a writer and producer, known for Hill Street. Big Apple was originally slated to compete with NBC's very popular medical drama series ER. Although 13 episodes were commissioned, only 8 aired before CBS canceled the show and replaced it with the newsmagazine 48 Hours in the 10pm (EST) Thursday time slot. In 2008, the series aired in syndication on Universal HD. Milch co-created the patrol police drama Brooklyn South with Bochco, Bill Clark, and William S. Finkelstein in 1997 while still working on NYPD Blue. After NYPD Blue.
Command | Description |
---|---|
network ip.ip.ip.ip wc.wc.wc.wc area # | This command is executed in OSPF router configuration mode to specify which interfaces participate in the OSPF process and which OSPF area they belong to. |
show ip ospf interface | This command is executed in privileged mode to display interface parameters including which Area particular interfaces belong to. |
The following logical topology shown below is used in labs found through out Section 9 – Configuring OSPF;
Lab Prerequisites
- If you are using GNS3 than load the Free CCNA Workbook GNS3 topology than start devices; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and SW1.
- Establish a console session with devices R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and SW1 than load the initial configurations provided below by copying the config from the textbox and pasting it into the respected routers console.
Lab Objectives
- Configure R2’s point-to-point link between R2 and R3 in Area 3.
- Configure each routers Loopback0 interface in its own OSPF area, use the router number as the new OSPF area.
- Configure the point-to-point link between R4 and R5 as well as R4 and R5’s physical LAN interfaces (FastEthernet0/0) in OSPF Area 45.
- Verify that all the new OSPF Inter-Area routes are in R1’s routing table; these are denoted as O*IA routes.
Lab Instruction
Objective 1. – Configure R2’s point-to-point link between R2 and R3 in Area 3.
Objective 2. – Configure each routers Loopback0 interface in its own OSPF area, use the router number as the new OSPF area.
Objective 3. – Configure the point-to-point link between R4 and R5 as well as R4 and R5’s physical LAN interfaces (FastEthernet0/0) in OSPF Area 45.
Objective 4. – Verify that all the new OSPF Inter-Area routes are in R1’s routing table; these are denoted as O*IA routes.
The OSPF stub router feature provides network engineers with a very simple way to enable the function of flooding default routes inside an area, with those default routes driving IP packets back toward the ABRs attached to that area. ABRs in stub areas advertise a default route into the stub area. At the same time, the ABR chooses to not advertise external routes (Type 5 LSAs) into the area. Similarly, the ABR chooses to not advertise interarea routes (in Type 3 LSAs) into the area. As a result, all routers in the stub area can still route to the destinations (based on default route information), and the routers require less memory and processing.The following summarizes the features of a stub area:
* ABRs create a default route, using a Type 3 LSA, listing subnet 0.0.0.0 and mask
0.0.0.0, and flood that into the stub area.
* ABRs do not flood Type 5 LSAs into the stub area.
* ABRs might not flood other Type 3 LSAs into the area.
* The default route has a metric of 1 unless otherwise configured using the router sub-command
area <area-num> default-cost <cost>
* Routers inside stub areas cannot redistribute external routes into the stubby area,
because that would require a Type 5 LSA in the area.
* All routers in the area must be configured to be stubby; if not, neighbor relationships
cannot form between potential neighbors based on this mismatched configuration.
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:05:00.731: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:1::1/64
R1(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R1(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:07:20.179: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:07:21.191: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0,changed state to up
R1#
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:06:34.531: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:3::1/64
R2(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R2(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:07:44.547: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:07:45.559: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/23/36 ms
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/17/24 ms
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:07:53.943: %IPV6_ND-6-DUPLICATE_INFO: DAD attempt detected for2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2 on Serial2/0
R2(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:08:34.563: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/1, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:08:35.575: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/1,changed state to up
R2(config-if)#end
R3#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:13:26.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ipv6address 2001:db8:cafe:5::1/64
R3(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/1
R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:14:41.407: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/1, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:14:42.419: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/1,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/24 ms
R3(config-if)#doping 2001:db8:cafe:4::1
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/16/20 ms
R3(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/2
R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.77.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:15:56.795: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/2, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:15:57.807: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/2,changed state to up
R3#
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config-if)#
*Jun 2910:15:00.819: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#
R4(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.77.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#noshut
*Jun 2910:15:56.571: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial2/2, changed state to up
*Jun 2910:15:57.583: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/2,changed state to up
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.77.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/37/80 ms
R4(config-if)#doping 2001:db8:feed:77::2
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:FEED:77::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
R4(config-if)#ipv6route 2001:db8:cafe::/48 2001:db8:feed:77::2
R4(config-if)#iproute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.77.2
InterfaceIP-AddressOK? Method StatusProtocol
FastEthernet0/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/2unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/3unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
R1#
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1
Serial2/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/2[administratively down/down]
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1
InterfaceIP-AddressOK? Method StatusProtocol
FastEthernet0/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/0unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
FastEthernet1/1unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/1192.168.4.1YES manual upup
Serial2/2unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
Serial2/3unassignedYES unsetadministratively down down
R2#
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2
FE80::C802:16FF:FECC:0
Serial2/2[administratively down/down]
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[administratively down/down]
Serial2/1[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:4::2
FE80::C803:1BFF:FE10:0
Serial2/3[administratively down/down]
Loopback0[up/up]
2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1
FastEthernet0/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/0[administratively down/down]
FastEthernet1/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/0[administratively down/down]
Serial2/1[administratively down/down]
Serial2/2[up/up]
2001:DB8:FEED:77::1
unassigned
FE80::C804:10FF:FE70:0
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#interfaceserial 2/0
<1-65535>Process ID
authentication-keyAuthentication password (key)
costInterface cost
database-filterFilter OSPF LSA during synchronizationand flooding
dead-intervalInterval after which a neighbor isdeclared dead
flood-reductionOSPF Flood Reduction
llsLink-local Signaling (LLS)support
message-digest-keyMessage digest authentication password (key)
networkNetwork type
priorityRouter priority
resync-timeoutInterval after which adjacency is resetif oob-resync is
retransmit-intervalTime between retransmitting lost link state
shutdownSet OSPF protocol's state todisable under current
transmit-delayLink state transmit delay
areaSet the OSPF area ID
R1(config-if)#ipospf 1 area ?
A.B.C.DOSPF area ID in IP address format
R1(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 51 // OSPFv2 INTERFACE COMMAND AVAILABLE IN IOS 12.3(11)T ABOVE
R1(config-if)#interfaceloop 0
R1(config-if)#end
*Jun 2910:29:50.879: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADINGto FULL, Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#router-id2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#interfaceloop 0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 0
R2(config-if)#interfaceserial 2/0
R2(config-if)#
*Jun 29 10:27:30.883:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R2#
*Jun 2910:28:48.691: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial2/1 from LOADINGto FULL, Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#interfaceloop 0
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#ipospf 1 area 0
*Jun 29 10:30:48.803:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:36192.168.2.2Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:34192.168.4.2Serial2/1
R3#showip ospf neighbor
NeighborIDPriStateDead TimeAddressInterface
R3#showip route
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
O IA192.168.1.1 [110/129] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
O IA192.168.2.0 [110/128] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
O192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.4.1,00:02:05, Serial2/1
192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.4.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/1
192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.5.1/32 is directly connected,Loopback0
192.168.77.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.77.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/2
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
O192.168.1.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.1,00:11:32, Serial2/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.2.2/32 is directly connected,Serial2/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected,Loopback0
192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
L192.168.4.1/32 is directly connected,Serial2/1
O192.168.5.1 [110/65] via 192.168.4.2,00:10:19, Serial2/1
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#routerospf 1
R3(config-router)#default-informationoriginate // PROPAGATE STATIC DEFAULT ROUTE INTO OSPFv2
R3#showip route ?
Hostname or A.B.C.DNetwork to display information about orhostname
connectedConnected
eigrpEnhanced Interior GatewayRouting Protocol (EIGRP)
lispLocator ID Separation Protocol(LISP)
loopsRIB routes forming loops
multicastMulticast global information
nhrpNext Hop Resolution Protocol(NHRP)
ospfOpen Shortest Path First(OSPF)
profileIP routing table profile
ripRouting Information Protocol(RIP)
summarySummary of all routes
tagRoute Tag
vrfDisplay routes from a VPNRouting/Forwarding instance
<cr>
R3#showip route static
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.77.1 to network 0.0.0.0
S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.77.1
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#iproute 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.77.1
R3(config-router)#redistributestatic ?
metric-typeOSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
route-mapRoute map reference
subnetsConsider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
<cr>
R3(config-router)#redistributestatic subnets // THE subnets KEYWORD INCLUDES SPECIFIC ROUTES (NOT CLASSFUL NETWORKS)
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*E20.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:54:34,Serial2/0
O IA192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2,01:08:41, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.4.0 [110/128] via 192.168.2.2,01:08:41, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.5.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.2,01:07:24, Serial2/0
O E2192.168.99.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.2.2,00:52:44, Serial2/0
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-router)#?
address-familyEnter Address Family command mode
auto-costCalculate OSPF interface costaccording to bandwidth
capabilityEnable specific OSPF feature
defaultSet a command to its defaults
default-informationControl distribution of default information
discard-routeEnable or disable discard-routeinstallation
distribute-listFilter networks in routing updates
domain-tagOSPF domain-tag
exitExit from routing protocolconfiguration mode
ignoreDo not complain about specificevent
ispfEnable incremental SPFcomputation
local-rib-criteriaEnable or disable usage of local RIB asroute criteria
log-adjacency-changesLog changes in adjacency state
max-lsamaximum number of LSAs OSPFprocess will receive
maximum-pathsForward packets over multiple paths
neighborSpecify a neighbor router
noNegate a command or setits defaults
passive-interfaceSuppress routing updates on an interface
priorityOSPF topology priority
redistributeRedistribute information fromanother routing protocol
shutdownShutdown the OSPF protocol underthe current instance
summary-addressConfigure IP address summaries
traffic-shareHow to compute traffic share overalternate paths
<0-4294967295>OSPF area ID as a decimal value
authenticationEnable authentication
default-costSet the summary default-cost of a NSSA/stubarea
nssaSpecify a NSSA area
rangeSummarize routes matchingaddress/mask (border routers only)
stubSpecify a stub area
virtual-linkDefine a virtual link and its parameters
R1(config-router)#area51 stub // OSPF ADJACENCY WILL BOUNCE
*Jun 29 11:40:20.027:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from FULL to DOWN, NeighborDown: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 11:40:53.283:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#area51 stub
*Jun 29 11:38:32.755:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from FULL to DOWN, NeighborDown: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 11:38:33.287:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:33192.168.2.2Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:36192.168.4.2Serial2/1
R1#showip route ospf // R1 STUB AREA WILL NOT ACCEPT EXTERNAL ROUTES
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*IA0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2, 00:01:49,Serial2/0
O IA192.168.3.1 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.4.0 [110/128] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
O IA192.168.5.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.2,00:01:49, Serial2/0
Routing Process 'ospf 1' with ID2.2.2.2
Start time: 00:28:46.228, Time elapsed:01:15:10.384
Supports opaque LSA
Supports area transit capability
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum0x000000
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA0
Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal1 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
Ccna 3 Lab 9.2.2.8 Answers
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2(1 loopback)
SPF algorithm last executed00:02:57.856 ago
Area ranges are
Number of opaque link LSA 0. ChecksumSum 0x000000
Number of indication LSA 0
Flood list length 0
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Generates stub default route with cost1
SPF algorithm last executed00:02:47.848 ago
Area ranges are
Number of opaque link LSA 0. ChecksumSum 0x000000
Number of indication LSA 0
Flood list length 0
2.2.2.22.2.2.26540x80000006 0x00FE2C 3
192.168.1.12.2.2.23420x80000001 0x001375
1.1.1.11.1.1.13520x80000007 0x008BB3 3
0.0.0.02.2.2.23520x80000001 0x0075C0
192.168.4.02.2.2.23520x80000004 0x00F791
0.0.0.03.3.3.318060x80000002 0x00DEC6 1
R2#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-router)#area51 stub ?
no-ext-capabilityDo not send domain specific capabilities intostub area
<cr>
R2(config-router)#area51 stub no-summary // TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
R1#showip route ospf // NO OSPF INTER-AREA AND EXTERNAL ROUTES IN OSPF TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
Codes: L- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute, H - NHRP, l - LISP
Gatewayof last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
O*IA0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:16,Serial2/0
1.1.1.11.1.1.14640x80000007 0x008BB3 3
0.0.0.02.2.2.2440x80000003 0x0071C2
R1#showipv6 interface brief // COMMAND TO VIEW GLOBAL UNICAST AND LINK-LOCAL ADDRESS
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
FE80::C801:15FF:FEB0:0
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2
unassigned
unassigned
unassigned
FE80::C801:15FF:FEB0:0
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ipv6unicast-routing // ENABLE IPv6 ROUTING (AND IPv6 CEF); DISABLED BY DEFAULT
R1#
*Jun 2915:12:53.514: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
::/0
::/127
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1/128
FE80::/10
FF00::/8
R1#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-rtr)#router-id1.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)#interfaceloop 0
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 51
*Jun 29 15:15:47.202:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ipv6router ospf 2
R2(config-rtr)#
R2(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 51
*Jun 29 15:13:27.166:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R2(config-if)#interfaceloop 0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 0
*Jun 29 15:15:03.898:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 192.168.5.1 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ipv6router ospf 2
R3(config-rtr)#interfaceloop 0
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#ipv6ospf 2 area 0
*Jun 29 15:17:04.078:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
192.168.5.10FULL/-00:00:367Serial2/1
R2#
*Jun 29 15:17:37.806:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
R3#showipv6 ospf // IPv6 COMMAND TO VIEW OSPFv3 ROUTER-ID
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum0x000000
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal0 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
R3(config-rtr)#router-id3.3.3.3
% OSPFv3: Reload or use'clear ipv6 ospf process' command, for this to take effect
R3(config-rtr)#doclear ipv6 ospf 2 process // COMMAND TO RESET OSPFv3 32-BIT ROUTER-ID
R3(config-rtr)#
*Jun 29 15:19:37.982:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:357Serial2/1
R1#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
R2#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
O2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [110/64]
O2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/64]
R3#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64 [110/128]
O2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
R3#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ipv6route 2001:db8:99:1::/64 2001:db8:feed:77::1
R3(config-rtr)#?
auto-costCalculate OSPF interface costaccording to bandwidth
compatibleCompatibility list
default-informationDistribution of default information
discard-routeEnable or disable discard-routeinstallation
distribute-listFilter networks in routing updates
exitExit from IPv6 routingprotocol configuration mode
interface-idSource of the interface ID
log-adjacency-changesLog changes in adjacency state
max-lsaMaximum number of nonself-generated LSAs to accept
9.2.2.9 Lab - Configuring Multi-area Ospfv3
maximum-pathsForward packets over multiple paths
passive-interfaceSuppress routing updates on an interface
redistributeRedistribute IPv6 prefixes fromanother routing
router-idrouter-id for this OSPF process
summary-prefixConfigure IPv6 summary prefix
table-mapMap external entry attributesinto routing table
originateDistribute default route
R3(config-rtr)#default-informationoriginate
R3(config-rtr)#end
*Jun 2915:25:21.946: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
IPv6Routing Table - default - 11 entries
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
S::/0 [1/0]
S2001:DB8:99:1::/64 [1/0]
R1#showipv6 route ospf // VERIFY DEFAULT ROUTE AND REDISTRIBUTED STATIC ROUTE
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 2
OE2 2001:DB8:99:1::/64 [110/20]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
Typeescape sequence to abort.
Sending5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:99:1::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Successrate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/46/48 ms
R1#traceroute2001:db8:99:1::1
Tracingthe route to 2001:DB8:99:1::1
1 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::2 20 msec 28 msec 16 msec
3 2001:DB8:FEED:77::1 48 msec 52 msec 60 msec
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-rtr)#area51 stub // SIMILAR TO OSPFv2
*Jun 2915:28:08.610: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from FULLto DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 15:28:33.130:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-rtr)#area51 stub
*Jun 2915:26:12.834: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from FULLto DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
*Jun 29 15:26:13.086:%OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL,Loading Done
2.2.2.20FULL/-00:00:386Serial2/0
3.3.3.30FULL/-00:00:377Serial2/1
R1#showipv6 route ospf
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI::/0 [110/65]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/128 [110/64]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 [110/128]
OI2001:DB8:CAFE:5::1/128 [110/128]
R2#conf t
Enterconfiguration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config-rtr)#area51 stub no-summary // TOTALLY STUBBY AREA
IPv6Routing Table - default - 6 entries
Codes: C- Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP
H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea
IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, ND - ND Default
NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr- Redirect, O - OSPF Intra
OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 -OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
OI::/0 [110/65]
R2#showipv6 ospf
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs withmaximum metric
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs10000 msecs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum0x010131
Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal1 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
SPF algorithm executed 9 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Area 51
It is a stub area, no summary LSA inthis area
SPF algorithm executed 6 times
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
This tutorial explains how to configure OSPF Routing protocol step by step with practical example in packet tracer. Learn OSPF configuration commands, OSPF show commands, OSPF network configuration (Process ID, Network ID, Wild card mask and Area number) and OSPF routing in detail.
For demonstration we will use packet tracer network simulator software. You can use real Cisco devices or any other network simulator software for following this guide.
Create a topology as illustrate in following figure or download this pre-created topology.
This tutorial is the fourth part of our article “OSPF Routing Protocol Explained with examples'. You can read other parts of this article here.
This tutorial is the first part of this article. In this part we explained basic terminology of OSPF such as Feature , Advantage and Disadvantage, Autonomous System, Area concept, ABR, IR, Link, State ,LSA and LSDB with example.
You would do this exactly as you print to a regular printer, just the result will be a PDF file, not a printed piece of paper. Celtx app. DoPDF installs itself as a virtual PDF printer driver so after a successful installation will appear in your Printers and Faxes list and also in the list of All Programs. Once installed it will allow you to convert any type of printable documents to PDF files. Using doPDF you can convert to PDF in two ways:. Print to PDF via the virtual printer driver doPDF.
This tutorial is the second part of this article. OSPF neighborship is built between two routers only if configuration value of Area ID, Authentication, Hello and Dead interval, Stub Area and MTU are matched. This part explains these parameters and OSPF adjacency in detail with examples.
This tutorial is the third part of this article. OSPF adjacency process goes through the seven states; OSPF State down, OSPF State Init, OSPF State two ways, OSPF State Exstart, OSPF State Exchange, OSPF State Loading and OSPF State full. This part explains these states with DR BDR selection process in detail with examples.
This tutorial is the last part of this article. In this part we will explain OSPF metric component bandwidth, Delay, Load, Reliability and MTU with cost calculation formula in detail with examples.
Initial IP Configuration
Device | Interface | IP Configuration | Connected with |
PC0 | Fa0/0 | 10.0.0.2/8 | Router0’s Fa0/0 |
Router0 | Fa0/0 | 10.0.0.1/8 | PC0’s Fa0/0 |
Router0 | Fa0/1 | 192.168.1.1/30 | Router5’s Fa0/1 |
Router5 | Fa0/1 | 192.168.1.2/30 | Router0’s Fa0/1 |
Router5 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.1.5/30 | Router6’s F0/0 |
Router6 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.1.6/30 | Router5’s Fa0/0 |
Router6 | Fa0/1 | 20.0.0.1/8 | Server0’s Fa0/0 |
Server0 | Fa0/0 | 20.0.0.2/8 | Router6’s Fa0/1 |
Router0 | Serial 0/0/0 (DCE) | 192.168.0.1/30 | Router1’s Se0/0/0 |
Router1 | Serial 0/0/0 | 192.168.0.2/30 | Router0’s Se0/0/0 |
Router1 | Serial 0/0/1 (DCE) | 192.168.0.5/30 | Router2’s Se0/0/1 |
Router2 | Serial0/0/1 | 192.168.0.6/30 | Router1’s Se0/0/1 |
Router2 | Serial 0/0/0 (DCE) | 192.168.0.9/30 | Router6’s Se0/0/0 |
Router6 | Serial 0/0/0 | 192.168.0.10/30 | Router2’s Se0/0/0 |
Router0 | Serial 0/0/1 | 192.168.2.1/30 | Router3’s Se0/0/1 |
Router3 | Serial 0/0/1 (DCE) | 192.168.2.2/30 | Router0’s Se0/0/1 |
Router3 | Serial 0/0/0 | 192.168.2.5/30 | Router4’s Se0/0/0 |
Router4 | Serial 0/0/0 (DCE) | 192.68.2.6/30 | Router3’s Se0/0/0 |
Router4 | Serial 0/0/1 | 192.168.2.9/30 | Router6’s Se0/0/1 |
Router6 | Serial0/0/1 (DCE) | 192.168.2.10/30 | Router4’s Se0/0/1 |
Assign IP address to PC
Double click PC0 and click Desktop menu item and click IP Configuration. Assign IP address 10.0.0.2/8 to PC0.
Repeat same process for Server0 and assign IP address 20.0.0.2/8.
Assign IP address to interfaces of routers
Double click Router0 and click CLI and press Enter key to access the command prompt of Router0.
Four interfaces FastEthernet0/0, FastEthernet0/1, Serial 0/0/0 and Serial0/0/1 of Router0 are used in this topology. By default interfaces on router are remain administratively down during the start up.
We need to configure IP address and other parameters on interfaces before we could actually use them for routing. Interface mode is used to assign the IP address and other parameters. Interface mode can be accessed from global configuration mode. Following commands are used to access the global configuration mode.
From global configuration mode we can enter in interface mode. From there we can configure the interface. Following commands will assign IP address on FastEthernet0/0 and FastEthernet0/1.
interface fastEthernet 0/0 command is used to enter in interface mode.
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 command would assign IP address to interface.
no shutdown command would bring the interface up.
exit command is used to return in global configuration mode.
Serial interface needs two additional parameters clock rate and bandwidth. Every serial cable has two ends DTE and DCE. These parameters are always configured at DCE end.
We can use show controllers interface command from privilege mode to check the cable’s end.
Fourth line of output confirms that DCE end of serial cable is attached. If you see DTE here instead of DCE skip these parameters.
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Now we have necessary information let’s assign IP address to serial interfaces.
Router#configure terminal Command is used to enter in global configuration mode.
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 Command is used to enter in interface mode.
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252 Command assigns IP address to interface. For serial link we usually use IP address from /30 subnet.
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 In real life environment this parameter controls the data flow between serial links and need to be set at service provider’s end. In lab environment we need not to worry about this value. We can use any valid clock rate here.
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Bandwidth works as an influencer. It is used to influence the metric calculation of OSPF or any other routing protocol which uses bandwidth parameter in route selection process. Serial interface has default bandwidth of 1544Kbps. To explain, how bandwidth influence route selection process we will configure (64Kbps) bandwidth on three serial DCE interfaces of our network; R0’s Se0/0/0, R1’s Se0/0/1 and R2’s Se0/0/0.
Router(config-if)#no shutdown Command brings interface up.
Router(config-if)#exit Command is used to return in global configuration mode.
We will use same commands to assign IP addresses on interfaces of remaining routers.
Router1
Router2
As I mention earlier, serial interface has a default bandwidth of 1544Kbps. If we don’t assign any custom bandwidth, router would use default bandwidth. To see this feature in action we will not assign bandwidth on remaining routers.
Router6
Router5
Router3
Router4
Great job we have finished our half journey. Now routers have information about the networks that they have on their own interfaces. Routers will not exchange this information between them on their own. We need to implement OSPF routing protocol that will insist them to share this information.
To be on same track I have uploaded my practice topology. Use this if you want to skip above IP configuration part.
Configure OSPF routing protocol
Enabling OSPF is a two steps process:-
- Enable OSPF routing protocol from global configuration mode.
- Tell OSPF which interfaces we want to include.
For these steps following commands are used respectively.
Router(config)# router ospf process ID
This command will enable OSPF routing protocol in router. Process ID is a positive integer. We can use any number from 1 to 65,535. Process ID is locally significant. We can run multiple OSPF process on same router. Process ID is used to differentiate between them. Process ID need not to match on all routers.
Router(config-router)# network IP_network_# [wildcard_mask] area [area number]
Network command allows us to specify the interfaces which we want to include in OSPF process. This command accepts three arguments network number, wildcard mask and area number.
Network number
Network number is network ID. We can use any particular host IP address or network IP address. For example we can use 192.168.1.1 (host IP address) or we can use 192.168.1.0 (Network IP address). While targeting a specific interface usually we use host IP address (configured on that interface).
While targeting multiple interfaces, we use network IP address. So any interface that belongs to specified network ID will be selected.
Wildcard mask
Wildcard mask are used with network ID to filter the interfaces. Wildcard mask is different from subnet mask. Subnet mask is used to separate the network portion and host portion in IP address. While wildcard mask is used to match corresponding octet in network portion. Wildcard mask tells OSPF the part of network address that must be matched. Wildcard masks are explained with examples in access list tutorials of this category.
Key points
0 (Decimal – octet format) Wildcard mask indicates that corresponding octet in network address must be matched exactly.
255 (Decimal – octet format) Wildcard mask indicates that we don’t care about corresponding octet in network address.
For example
0 (Binary – bit format) Wildcard mask indicates that corresponding bit in network address must be matched exactly.
255 (Binary – bit format) Wildcard mask indicates that we don’t care about corresponding bit in network address.
OSPF is a classless protocol. With wildcard we can also filter Subnetted networks. In classes implementation usually we use Subnetted networks. For example consider following figure
We have four networks 172.168.1.0/24, 172.168.2.0/24, 172.168.3.0/24 and 172.168.4.0/24 subnetted from single class B network 172.168.0.0/16. Classful configuration does not understand the concept of subnetting. In classful configuration all these networks belong to a single network. Classful configuration works only with in default boundary of mask. Default boundary of this address is 16 bits. So a classful routing protocol will match only first 16 bits (172.168.x.y) of network address. A classful routing protocol such as RIP cannot distinguish between different Subnetted networks.
A classless routing protocol such as OSPF goes beyond the default boundary of mask and work well with Subnetted networks. With wildcard mask we can easily filter Subnetted networks.
With wildcard we are no longer limited with default boundaries. We can match Subnetted networks as well as default networks.
For example we want to exclude serial interfaces in above configuration. We can use a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255 to match the subnet mask of /24.
Above commands will ask router to match /24 bits of address instead of default /16 bits. Now router will look for 172.168.1.x and 172.168.2.x network. Our serial interfaces have 172.168.3.0/24 and 172.168.4.0/24 networks which do not fall in these search criteria.
Let’s take one more example, if we use following network command, which interfaces would be selected.
In this case valid host IP addresses are 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2. So any interface that has these IP address would be selected. /30 network is usually used for serial link connection which need only two valid host IP addresses; one for each end.
If you are unfamiliar with wildcard mask, I suggest you to check our tutorials on access lists configuration in this category. In those tutorials wildcard masks are explained in detail with examples.
For this tutorial let’s move on third argument. Third argument which network command accept is area number. This parameter say router to put matched interface in specified area. OSPF areas are explained in second part this article.
Now we know the essential commands for configuration. Let’s implement them in our network.
OSPF configuration
Router0
Router1
Router2
Router6
Router5
Router4
Router3
That’s it. Our network is ready to take the advantage of OSPF routing. To verify the setup we will use ping command. ping command is used to test the connectivity between two devices.
We have two routes between source and destination. tracert command is used to know the route which is used to get the destination.
Access the command prompt of PC1 and use ping command to test the connectivity from Server0. After that use tracert command to print the taken path.
Great! We have successfully implemented OSFP routing in our network.
If you did not get the same out as explained in this tutorial, use this configured topology to cross check your topology and find out the reason.
Download OSPF Practice Topology with OSPF configuration
Download OSPF Practice Topology with OSPF configuration
Summary
Command | Description |
Router(config)#router opsf 10 | Enable OSPF routing protocol under process ID 10. |
Router(config-router)#network 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 | Enable OSPF with area 0 on matching interface. |
Router(config)#interface loopback 0 | Create a Loopback interface and move in sub interface configuration mode |
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.250.250 255.255.255.0 | Assign IP address to loopback interface. |
Router(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 | Set 1.1.1.1 as router ID |
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 | Inter in sub interface configuration mode |
Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 100 | Used to influence DR/BDR selection process. Valid range is 0 to 255. 0 makes router ineligible for DR/BDR while 255 makes router guaranteed DR/BDR. Higher priority value means higher chance of becoming DR/BDR. |
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 256 | Used to influence route metric cost. Cost is the inverse of bandwidth. Higher bandwidth has lower cost. Bandwidth is defined in Kbps. 256 means 256 Kbps. |
Router(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval timer 15 | Set hello interval timer to 15 seconds. Hello timer must be match on both routers in order become neighbors. |
Router(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 60 | Set dead interval timer to 60 seconds. Dead interval timer must be match on both routers in order to become neighbor |
Router#show ip route | Display all routes from routing table |
Router#show ip route ospf | Display all routers learned through OSPF from routing table |
Router#show ip ospf | Display basic information about OSPF |
Router#show ip ospf interface | Display information about all OSPF active interfaces |
Router#show ip ospf interface serial 0/0/0 | Display OSPF information about serial 0/0/0 interface |
Router#show ip ospf neighbor List all | OSPF neighbors with basic info |
Router#show ip ospf neighbor detail | List OSPF neighbors with detail info |
Router#show ip ospf database | Display data for OSPF database |
Router#clear ip route * | Clear all routes from routing table. |
Router#clear ip route 10.0.0.0/8 | Clear particular route from routing table |
Router#clear ip ospf counters | Clear OSPF counters |
Router#debug ip ospf events | Display all ospf events |
Router#debug ip ospf packets | Display exchanged OSPF packets |
Router#debug ip ospf adjacency | Display DR/BDR election process state |
That’s all for this part. In next part of this article I will explain how OSPF calculate the shortest path for destination.
10.2.4.4 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv3
From year to year, Cisco has updated many versions with difference questions. The latest version is version 6.0 in 2018. What is your version? It depends on your instructor creating your class. We recommend you to go thought all version if you are not clear. While you take online test with netacad.com, You may get random questions from all version. Each version have 1 to 10 different questions or more. After you review all questions, You should practice with our online test system by go to 'Online Test' link below.
Version 5.02 | Version 5.03 | Version 6.0 | Online Assessment |
NA | NA | Chapter 10 Exam | Online Test |
Next Chapter | |||
Practice Final Exam | Practice Final Exam | Practice Final | Online Test |
Lab Activities | |||
10.1.1.12 Packet Tracer – Determining the DR and BDR | |||
10.1.2.5 Packet Tracer – Propagating a Default Route in OSPFv2 | |||
10.1.3.4 Packet Tracer – Configuring OSPF Advanced Features | |||
10.2.2.3 Packet Tracer – Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPFv2 | |||
10.2.4.3 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv2 | |||
10.2.4.4 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv3 | |||
10.3.1.2 Packet Tracer – Skills Integration Challenge |
Lab – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv3 (Answer Version)
Answer Note: Red font color or gray highlights indicate text that appears in the Answer copy only.
Topology
10.2.4.4 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv3
Addressing Table
Device | Interface | IPv6 Global Unicast Address | IPv6 Link-local Address | Default Gateway |
ISP | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:C1:1::1/64 | FE80::C1 | N/A |
ASBR | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:C1:1::2/64 | FE80::7 | N/A |
Serial0/0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:F0A::1 | FE80::7 | N/A | |
Serial0/0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:F0B::1 | FE80::7 | N/A | |
ABR1 | Serial0/0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:F0A::2 | FE80::5 | N/A |
GigabitEthernet0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1A::1 | FE80::5 | N/A | |
ABR2 | Serial0/0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:F0B::2 | FE80::6 | N/A |
GigabitEthernet0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:2A::1 | FE80::6 | N/A | |
R1 | GigabitEthernet0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1A::2 | FE80::1 | N/A |
GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1C::1 | FE80::1 | N/A | |
Loopback0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1B::1 | FE80::1 | N/A | |
R2 | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1C::2 | FE80::2 | N/A |
Loopback1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:1D::1 | FE80::2 | N/A | |
R3 | GigabitEthernet0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:2A::2 | FE80::3 | N/A |
GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:2B::1 | FE80::3 | N/A | |
R4 | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:2B::2 | FE80::4 | N/A |
GigabitEthernet0/1 | 2001:DB8:A8EA:2C::1 | FE80::4 | N/A |
Objectives
Troubleshoot a multiarea OSPFv3 network.
Background / Scenario
A large organization has recently decided to implement a multiarea OSPFv3 network. As a result, the network is no longer functioning correctly and communication through much of the network has failed. As a network administrator you must troubleshoot the problem, fix the multiarea OSPFv3 implementation, and restore communication throughout the network. To do this, you are given the Addressing Table above, showing all of the routers in the network including their interface IPv6 addresses. You are told that in Area 1, R2 is unable to form OSPF adjacencies. In Area 0 and Area 2, three routers ABR2, R3 and R4 have not been able to form OSPF adjacencies. Lastly, ABR1 and R1 have not received default route information.
Answer Note: Refer to the Answer Lab Manual for the procedures to initialize and reload devices.
Part 1: Use Show Commands to Troubleshoot OSPFv3 Area 1
In Part 1, using the particular symptoms of network failure reported in the Background / Scenario begin troubleshooting configuration settings at the routers in Area 1.
Step 1: Check the R2 configuration in Area 1.
a. Because R2 is not forming an adjacency with R1, console into R2 and check its interface IP address configuration and its multiarea OSPFv2 configuration. Use the show running-config command to view the configuration.
Is R2’s OSPFv3 routing process configuration present and correct? Has OSPFv3 been activated on the g0/0 and Loopback 1 interfaces and have they been set to the correct Area?
____________________________________________________________________________________
R2’s OSPFv3 routing process is enabled and the interfaces are configured for area 1.
b. If R2’s OSPFv3 configurations are correct, it is possible that OSPFv3 has not been configured on the R1 G0/0 interface. Console into R1 and issue a show running-config command to check the G0/0 interface for the ipv6 ospf 10 area 1 configuration.
Is R1’s OSPFv3 routing process configuration present and correct? Has OSPFv3 been activated on the g0/0 interface and set to Area1?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes.
c. It is possible that the hello-interval and dead-interval timers have been altered from their default values of 10 seconds and 40 seconds respectively. A timer mismatch can cause the routers to not form adjacencies. If the dead-interval timer is not four times the value of the hello-interval timer, that could also cause the routers to not form adjacencies. Check the hello-interval and dead-interval timer values on R1 and R2.
Is there a mismatch or incorrect configuration on either the R1 or R2 hello-interval or dead-interval timers?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes, R2’s interface G0/0 timers are mismatched and incorrect.
d. Correct the hello-interval and dead-interval timer configuration errors on R2.
If the problem has been corrected a syslog message should appear in the R2 console showing an OSPF adjacency change from LOADING to FULL. State if the problem has been corrected, and if so, what is the Nbr address?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes, there is a successful adjacency change to FULL with Nbr 1.1.1.1.
Step 2: Check the router configurations in Area 2 starting with ABR2.
a. Because it was reported that routers ABR2, R3 and R4 were all unable to form OSPFv3 adjacencies, console into the ABR2 border router to see why it is unable to form an adjacency with ASBR router.
Is ABR2’s OSPFv3 routing process configuration present and correct? Has OSPFv3 been activated on the s0/0/1 and g0/1 interfaces and have they been set to Area2?
____________________________________________________________________________________
ABR2’s OSPFv3 routing process has been enabled but a router-id has not been set. The interfaces have been configured correctly.
b. OSPFv3 requires the presence of a 32bit dotted decimal router-id. Because ABR2 has no IPv4 addresses assigned to any of its interfaces, a router-id needs to be manually configured. Configure ABR2 with a 6.6.6.6 router-id.
If the problem has been corrected, syslog messages should appear in the console showing OSPF adjacency changes from LOADING to FULL. State if this is the case, and what neighbor Nbr addresses appear?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes, there are successful adjacency changes with Nbr 7.7.7.7 and Nbr 3.3.3.3.
c. On ABR2, a Syslog message showing an adjacency change from LOADING to FULL with Nbr 3.3.3.3 means that R3 is now participating in the OSPFv3 Area 2 process. Check that R4 has provided route information for its connected networks to the OSPFv3 topology database.
Looking at the output of the show ipv6 ospf database command, what information would signal the presence of R4?
____________________________________________________________________________________
The router-id 4.4.4.4 signifies the presence of R4 as well as the inclusion of the 2001:DB8:A8EA:2C::/64 network in the Area 2 section of the output.
Step 3: Check ASBR for OSPFv3 default route distribution.
a. Because ASBR is the edge router, it should have a static IPv6 default route configured. If so, it can distribute that route using OSPFv3 and a default-information originate command.
Is there an IPv6 default route configured on ASBR? Does the OSPFv3 routing process configuration have a default-information originate line present?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes ASBR has an ipv6 default route to ::/0, but the IPv6 OSPF 10 routing process does not contain a default-information originate line.
b. On ASBR, add a default-information originate command to the OSPFv3 routing process.
c. Check the IPv6 routing tables of ABR1 and ABR2 to see if the default route was discovered through OSPFv3.
Looking at the output of the show ipv6 route, did the router learn of the default route from OSPFv3? If so, list the line or lines that signify this.
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Yes. OE2 ::/0 [110/1] via FE80::7, Serial0/0/0.
From year to year, Cisco has updated many versions with difference questions. The latest version is version 6.0 in 2018. What is your version? It depends on your instructor creating your class. We recommend you to go thought all version if you are not clear. While you take online test with netacad.com, You may get random questions from all version. Each version have 1 to 10 different questions or more. After you review all questions, You should practice with our online test system by go to 'Online Test' link below.
Version 5.02 | Version 5.03 | Version 6.0 | Online Assessment |
NA | NA | Chapter 10 Exam | Online Test |
Next Chapter | |||
Practice Final Exam | Practice Final Exam | Practice Final | Online Test |
Lab Activities | |||
10.1.1.12 Packet Tracer – Determining the DR and BDR | |||
10.1.2.5 Packet Tracer – Propagating a Default Route in OSPFv2 | |||
10.1.3.4 Packet Tracer – Configuring OSPF Advanced Features | |||
10.2.2.3 Packet Tracer – Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPFv2 | |||
10.2.4.3 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv2 | |||
10.2.4.4 Packet Tracer – Troubleshoot Multiarea OSPFv3 | |||
10.3.1.2 Packet Tracer – Skills Integration Challenge |
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